Columbia River at Vantage         Seattle Fault and Earthquakes        Landslides around Puget Sound
 
 

Columbia River Lavas and Fossil Trees

 Allen, JE (1958), Geologic field guide to Columbia River Gorge trip; Portland State Univ., Portland, 21 pp.  Neat little pamphlet about the CR Gorge, more of historical interest than geologic; many of the roads aren't there anymore!  see Allen (1979).

 **Allen JE (1979), The Magnificent Gateway: A layman's guide to the geology of the Columbia River gorge; Timber Press, Forest Grove (OR), 144 pp.  A great introduction to both the old flood basalts and the young glacial floods.  Recommended.

 ***Carson RJ and Pogue KR (1996), Flood basalts and glacier floods: roadside geology of parts of Walla Walla, Franklin and Columbia Counties, Washington; Wash. Div. Geol. Earth Res. Info. Circular 90, 47 pp.  Good introduction and excellent road logs.

 Carson RJ, Tolan TL and Reidel SP (1987), Geology of the Vantage area, south-central Washington; Geol. Soc. Am. Centennial Field Guide, Cordilleran Section, pp. 357-362.  A technical field guide for the exact area of our field trip.  Good details.

 Geist D and Richards M (1993), Origin of the Columbia Plateau and Snake River plain: deflection of the Yellowstone plume; Geology, v. 21, pp. 789-792.  Provocative but the best technical paper on a hotspot origin for the CRB.

 Mason CL (1996), The Geological History of the Wenatchee Valley and Adjacent Vicinity; Cascade Graphics, Wenatchee (WA), 172 pp.  Many magnificent photos and short descriptions that include both the lavas and the floods in the Wenatchee area.   Introductory.

 McKee, B (1972), Cascadia: The Geologic Evolution of the Pacific Northwest; McGraw-Hill, New York.  pp. 271-279 on the Columbia Plateau give a nice background.  Middle-Introductory.

**Orsen M (1998), Ginkgo Petrified Forest; Ginkgo Gem Shop, Vantage (WA), 26 pp.  Excellent little pamphlet, full color, well illustrated, highly recommended.  Introductory.

 Prakash U and Barghoorn ES (1961), Miocene fossil woods from the Columbia basalts of central Washington; Arnold Arboretum Journal, v. 42, pp. 165-203, 347-362.   Two technical articles on the fossil flora, with special emphasis on the Vantage area.

 Reidel SP and Hooper PR (1989), Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province; Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Paper 239.  Many technical papers by many authors in this comprehensive volume.  The paper by Tolan et al on CRB stratigraphy is especially good.

 Williams IA (1991), Geologic history of the Columbia River Gorge; Oregon Hist. Soc. Press, Portland, 137 pp.  This is a facsimile reprint of the 1913 book by Ira Williams, with updates and introductions.  Very interesting from a historical perspective.
 

Ice Age Floods on the Columbia Plateau

 Allen JE (1979), The Magnificent Gateway: A layman's guide to the geology of the Columbia River gorge; Timber Press, Forest Grove (OR), 144 pp.  A great introduction to both the old flood basalts and the young glacial floods.  Recommended.

 Allen JE, Burns M and Sargent, SC (1986), Cataclysms on the Columbia; Timber Press, Portland, OR, 211 pp.  Very good overview of J. Harlan Bretz and the flood hypothesis, good illustrations and text.  Highly recommended.  Introductory.

***Alt, D. (2001), Glacial Lake Missoula and Humungous Floods; Mountain Press Publishing, Missoula MT, xxx pp.  Brand new, haven't seen it yet.  Probably going to be the best introductory overview.

 Baker VR (1973), Paleohydrology and sedimentology of Lake Missoula flooding in eastern Washington; Geol. Soc. Am. Special Paper 144, 79 pp.  Highly technical analysis of the floods, including estimations on the amount of water, water speed, etc.

 Baker VR and Nummedal D (1978), The Channeled Scabland; NASA, Washington DC.  A series of papers on the Bretz floods and the resulting erosional and depositional features.  Somewhat technical.

 Bretz JH (1959), Washington's Channeled Scabland; Wash. Div. Geol. Earth Resources Bulletin 45, 57 pp.  Nice introductory pamphlet on the Scablands.

 Bretz JH (1969), The Lake Missoula floods and the Channeled Scabland; J. of Geology, v. 77, pp. 505-543.  Comprehensive review by The Man himself.  Technical, but the photos and diagrams are accessible.

 **Carson RJ and Pogue KR (1996), Flood basalts and glacier floods: roadside geology of parts of Walla Walla, Franklin and Columbia Counties, Washington; Wash. Div. Geol. Earth Res. Info. Circular 90, 47 pp.  Good introduction and excellent road logs.

 **Mueller, M & T (1997), Fire, Faults and Floods: A Road and Trail Guide Exploring the Origins of the Columbia River Basin; Univ. Idaho Press, 288 pp.  A great introduction to the geology along the Columbia, very accessible writing.

 Parfit M (1995), The floods that carved the west; Smithsonian, vol. 26, # 1, pp. 48-58.  Very good short article on the great glacial floods.  Nice color photos.

 Waitt RB (1985), Case for periodic colossal jökulhlaups from Pleistocene Lake Missoula; Geol. Soc. Am. Bulletin, v. 96, pp. 1271-1286.  Technical article that summarizes Waitt's important contribution on the multiplicity of floods.

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Seattle Fault

 Atwater BF (1994), Prehistoric earthquakes in western Washington; Wa. Div. Geol. Earth Res. Bulletin 80, pp. 219-222.  Short review covering a wide region.

 Atwater BF and Moore AL (1992), A tsunami about 1000 years ago in Puget Sound, Washington;  Science, v. 258, pp. 1614-1617. Technical.  Tsunami deposits in Seattle and on Whidbey Island.

 Bucknam RC, Hemphill-Haley E and Leopold EB (1992), Abrupt uplift within the past 1700 years at southern Puget Sound, Washington; Science, v. 258, pp. 1611-1614.   Technical.  Raised beaches and mudflats at several Puget Sound localities.

 Bucknam RC and 6 others (1994), Holocene tectonics in western Washington; Geol. Soc. Am. Geological Field Trip 2C, pp. 2C1-2C15.  Detailed technical field guide to Restoration Point and other locales.

 Cannon, B (1993), A fault runs through it; Columns, March 1993, pp. 24-29.  A good popular article about the Seattle Fault and its earthquake potential.

 Dietrich B (1992), How sleuths of science uncovered Seattle Fault; The Seattle Times, 8 December, p. A1-.  Text of newspaper article by Pulitzer Prize winning journalist.  Some factual errors and the usual reporter hype but OK.

 Jacoby GC, Williams PL and Buckley BM (1992), Tree ring correlation between prehistoric landslides and abrupt tectonic events in Seattle, Washington; Science, v. 258, pp. 1621-1623. Technical.  Underwater "forests" on landslide blocks in Lake WA.

 Johnson SY, Potter CJ and Armentrout JM (1994), Origin and evolution of the Seattle fault and Seattle basin, Washington; Geology, v. 22, pp. 71-74.  Technical article that discusses the use of seismic reflection data to analyze the Seattle fault.

 Johnson SY and 5 others (1996), The southern Whidbey Island fault: an active structure in the Puget Lowland, Washington; Geol. Soc. Am. Bulletin, v. 108, pp. 334-354.  Technical.  The northern cousin of the Seattle Fault?

 Schuster RL, Logan RL and Pringle PT (1992), Prehistoric rock avalanches in the Olympic Mountains, Washington;  Science, v. 258, pp. 1620-1621.  Technical.  Some avalanches dammed streams to form lakes, which drowned trees.

**Seismology Group, Geophysics Department, University of Washington (1996).  http://www.geophys.washington.edu/SEIS   Lots of information about PNW faults.
 

Pacific Northwest earthquakes

 Cope, V (1994), The Washington Earthquake Handbook; self published, 122 pp.  A general manual of earthquake preparedness and response, with a few words about Washington quakes.

 Heaton TH and Hartzell SH (1987), Earthquake hazards on the Cascadia subduction zone; Science, v. 236, pp. 162-168.  Very technical but Figure 1 is great for everybody, showing a map of the plates and major quakes in the PNW.

 Jacoby GC, Bunker DE and Benson BE (1997), Tree-ring evidence for an AD 1700 Cascadia earthquake in Washington and northern Oregon; Geology, v. 25, pp. 999-1002.  A monster quake on the Juan de Fuca subduction zone, pinned down by tree rings and the tsunami it produced, recorded in Japan.

 Logan RL, Schuster RL, Pringle PT, Walsh TJ and Palmer SP (1998), Radiocarbon ages of probable coseismic features from the Olympic Peninsula and Lake Sammamish, Washington; Wash. Geol., v. 26, pp. 59-67.  Latest dates on quake-induced landslides.

 Noson LJ,  Qamar A and Thorsen GW (1988), Washington State earthquake hazards; Wa. Div. Geol. Earth Res. Info Circular 85, 77 pp.  Very good though somewhat out of date introduction to Washington seismicity, with an emphasis on hazards.

 Pierce, J. K. (1998), The Big One; Seattle Magazine, Oct 1998, pp. 30-35.  Surprisingly good popular article about quakes in WA.  www.seattlemag.com

 Rogers, AM, Walsh TJ, Kockelman, WJ and Priest GR (1996), Assessing earthquake hazards and reduction risk in the PNW; USGS Prof. Paper 1560.  Highly technical but excellent review of why Seattle has the highest quake risk in the US.

****Seismology Group, Geophysics Department, University of Washington (1996).  One of best quake web sites on Earth.   Lots of information about PNW faults and earthquakes.  Highly recommended.   htttp://www.geophys.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN

 Thorsen GW (1986), The Puget Lowland earthquakes of 1949 and 1965-reproductions of selected articles describing damage;  Wa. Div. Geol. Earth Res. Info Circular 81, 113 pp.  Excellent historical overview of our two biggest instrumented quakes, with some updated information.  Recommended.  also on the Web

 Various authors (various dates), Compilation of earthquake hypocenters in western Washington-various years; Wa. Div. Geol. Earth Res. Info. Circular various numbers, various pp.  A year or two in the life of WA quakes.  These reports generally contain one or two useful figures.

 ***** Yeats, R. S. (1998), Living with Earthquakes in the PNW; Ore. State Univ. Press, 308 pp.  Outstanding contribution to active tectonics, faults, earthquakes, tsunamis and risk in the PNW.  Lots of solid information, not a weenie book: it's all in here.

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 **Brunengo, MJ (1994), Geologic hazards and the Growth Management Act; Wash. Geol., v. 22, pp. 4-10.  Fine introductory contribution on landslides and public policy.

 Dragovich JD, Brunengo MJ and Gerstel WJ (1993a), Landslide inventory and analysis of the Tilton Creek-Mineral River area, Lewis County, Washington, Part 1:  terrain and geologic factors; Wash. Geol., v. 21, pp. 9-18.  see next

 Dragovich JD, Brunengo MJ and Gerstel WJ (1993a), Landslide inventory and analysis of the Tilton Creek-Mineral River area, Lewis County, Washington, Part 2:  soils, harvest age and conlcusions; Wash. Geol., v. 21, pp. 18-30.   These two articles demonstrate very clearly how logging practices in western Washington increase the frequency of landslides = #2 cause of silty salmon streams.

 **Dragovich JD, Pringle PT and Walsh TJ (1994), Extent and geometry of the mid-Holocene Osceola mudflow in the Puget Lowland: implications for Holocene sedimentation and paleogeography; Wash. Geol., v. 22, pp. 3-26.  Technical article on the 5600 yr old lahar from Mt. Rainier that would kill 100,000 people today.

 Evans S (1994), Draining Seattle: WPA landslide stabilization projects, 1935-1941; Wash. Geol, v. 22, pp. 3-10.  Fine article on historical attempst to stabilize slopes.

 Gerstel WJ (1996), The upside of the landslides of February 1996: validating a stability analysis of the Capitol Campus bluffs, Olympia, Washington; Wash. Geol., v. 24, pp. 3-16.  Detailed study of landslides threating our state Legislature!

 Gerstel WJ and Brunengo MJ (1994), Mass wasting on the urban fringe; Wash. Geol., v. 22, pp. 11-17.  Two case histories of landslides in western Washington where forest lands meet housing tracts.

 ***Gerstel WJ, Brunengo MJ, Lingley WS, Logan RL, Shipman H and Walsh TJ (1997), Puget Sound bluffs; the where, why and when of landlsides following the holiday 1996/97 storms; Wash. Geol., v. 25, pp. 17-31.  Introductory.  Outstanding article, well illustrated, must reading for all.

 Jacoby GC, Williams PL and Buckley BM (1992), Tree ring correlation between prehistoric landslides and abrupt tectonic events in Seattle, Washington; Science, v. 258, pp. 1621-1623. Technical.  Underwater "forests" on landslide blocks in Lake WA.

 Jones, FO, Embody DR, Peterson WL and Hazlewood RM (1961), Landslides along the Columbia River Valley, northeastern Washington;  USGS Prof. Paper 367, 98 pp.  Oldie but goodie, great photos and descriptions of various mass movements, followed by technical analysis.

 Lipman PW and Mullineaux DR (1981), The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. helens, Washington; USGS Prof. Paper 1250, 844 pp.  Technical.  Some fine papers on lahars and other volcanic debris flows associated with the 1980 eruption.

 Logan RL, Schuster RL, Pringle PT, Walsh TJ and Palmer SP (1998), Radiocarbon ages of probable coseismic features from the Olympic Peninsula and Lake Sammamish, Washington; Wash. Geol., v. 26, pp. 59-67.  Latest dates on quake-induced landslides.

 **Miller JA (1989). Landlside stabilization in an urban setting, Fauntleroy district, Seattle, Washington; WA Div. Geol. Earth Res. Bulletin 78, Vol. 2, pp. 681-690.  A success story, stopping the Fauntleroy landslide in its tracks.  Recommended!

 Miller, RD (1973), Map showing relative slope stability in part of west-central King County, Washington; USGS Map I-852A.  Landmark publication showing susceptibility of ground to landsliding.  Recommended.  See Tubbs.

 Pringle, PT (1993), Roadside geology of Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument and vicinity; WA Div. Geol. Earth Res. Info. Circular 88, 120 pp.  Excellent introduction to volcano-related mass movements with examples from St. Helens.

 Schuster RL, Logan RL and Pringle PT (1992), Prehistoric rock avalanches in the Olympic Mountains, Washington;  Science, v. 258, pp. 1620-1621.  Technical.  Some quake-induced avalanches dammed streams to form lakes, which drowned trees.

 Scott KM (1988), Origins, behavior, and sedimentology of lahars and lahar-runout flows in the Toutle-Cowlitz river system; USGS Prof. Paper 1447A, 74 pp.  Technical.  Volcano-related debris flows associated with Mt. St. Helens.

 **Thorsen, GW (1989). Landslide provinces in Washington; WA Div. Geol. Earth Res. Bulletin 78, Vol. 1, pp. 71-90.  Excellent overview of Washington mass movements, with many great photos.  Good introductory.

 **Tubbs DW (1974), Landslides and associated damage during early 1972 in part of west-central King County, Washington; USGS Map I-852B.  Landmark publication showing slides and relationship to rainfall.  Recommended.  See Miller.  Tubb's article on line at         http://www.geoengineers.com/ic52.htm

 United States Geological Survey web sites:

        http://landslides.usgs.gov/landslide.html                     comprehensive overview

         http://landslides.cr.usgs.gov/woodway/index.html    big slide at Woodway, WA

          http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/       mudflows etc. at volcanoes
 

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