TRADE AMONG NATIONS

 

Gains from Trade

 

The Ricardian Approach: Comparative Advantage

 

     David Ricardo - 1817

 

Example:

 

Two Countries:       England 

                         Portugal

 

Two Goods:            Cloth

                         Wine

 

Hours of Labor Required to Produce One Unit

                

 

Country

Wine

Cloth

England

  2

  2

Portugal

  4

  8

 

 

The opportunity cost in hours to produce one more yard of cloth or one more bottle of wine is lower in England than in Portugal, but the opportunity of more cloth is relatively lower in England. In England the trade-off in production is one for one, In Portugal, it is two wine for one cloth.