CORRESPONDENCE COURSE: Principles of Microeconomics (ECON% 201)

 

 

INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL COURSE INFORMATION

 

INSTRUCTOR:   Jim Hubert

OFFICE:         301 Fine Arts Building

PHONE:          587 2037

E-MAIL:         jhubert@sccd.ctc.edu

HOMEPAGE:      my homepage

COURSE

HOMEPAGE:      ECON% 201 Correspondence

OFFICE HOURS: 10:00 – 10:50 and by appointment

 

 

TEXT(s):      MICROECONOMICS: The Economic Way of Thinking, Paul                         Heyne, 5th Edition

                      ECONOMICS OF PUBLIC ISSUES, North et al, 16th Edition

 

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

 

ECONOMICS

 

The Theory of Economics does not furnish a body of settled conclusions immediately applicable to policy.  It is a method rather than a doctrine, an apparatus of the mind, a technique of thinking which helps its possessor to draw correct conclusions.

 

John Maynard Keynes

 

Economics is the study of how to best allocate scarce resources among competing uses:  guns or butter types of questions.

 

                   MICROECONOMICS, ECON% 201

 

Economics 201, a microeconomics course, focuses on the activities of individual units within the economy - the firm and the individual consumer. Topics to be discussed include: ethics, scarcity, supply and demand, the market mechanism, prices, factors of production, the theory of the firm, and a variety of current issues such as minimum wage laws, rent control, pollution, divorce and abortion.  In this course we will attempt to relate economic theory to the real world - the world of people and businesses making decisions.

 

The course has been divided into 14 parts or lessons, a mid-term exam and a final exam.  Each lesson is associated with a like numbered chapter in the principle textbook: Microeconomics: The Economic Way of Thinking.

 

COURSE GOALS:

 

1.  To achieve a fundamental understanding of microeconomic

    theory, concepts and terminology.

2.  To be able to interpret and analyze economic data.

3.  Develop an independent ability to apply economic tools in critical thinking about "real world" issues.

4.  Develop an understanding of social interactions, implications and responsibility.

5.  To be prepared for advanced economic courses.

 

COURSE PREREQUISITES:

 

The formal prerequisites for this Principles of Microeconomics course are ECON% 202 or ENG 101 and MATH 101.

 

HOMEWORK:

 

Homework papers are to be typewritten (double-spaced), on 8 1/2 x 11 paper, and identified with course number, name, date and assignment number.  Grammar and spelling will be included in the grading algorithm.  Graphs are to be neatly drawn with a straight edge.

 

EXAMS:

 

The midterm exam will cover chapters 1 - 9 in the Heyne Text; the final exam will cover chapters 10 - 15 in the Heyne Text and The Economics of Public Issues reader.

 

The midterm exam consists of 50 multiple-choice questions.  The final exam consists of 40 multiple-choice equations and two short essay questions, which cover The Economics of Public Issues.  These are closed-book exams, with no notes allowed.  You will have 90 minutes to complete each exam.  Each exam is worth 100 points.

 

Please bring pencils to the exams.  You may need a straightedge or ruler for the final exam.

 

GRADING:

 

     POINTS:

 

           Mid-term Exam     100 points

           Final Exam            100 points

           -------------------------------

           Total                    200 points

 

* All homework must be satisfactorily completed in order to receive a passing grade.

 

     GRADE SCHEDULE:

 

     GRADE    MINIMUM % OF TOTAL POINTS

 

     3.5           91 %

     2.5           77 %

     1.5            63 %

     0.7           51 %

     0.0           Less than 51 %

 

READINGS:

 

The textbook and reading assignments represent your main learning tools.  It should be noted that these readings are college level, that is, challenging.

 

Reading "tips":  Identify economic concepts, theories and terminology.  Relate these to examples and applications shown in each chapter.  Generalize these concepts and theories to other applications based on your own life experiences and observations. Finally, test your understanding by answering all of the questions at the end of each chapter.  Application of the theory, that is, economic analysis of issues and problems is the key to understanding.  A solution set for the end-of-chapter questions is available for purchase.

 

Example:  The concept of opportunity cost is addressed in lesson three.  (Opportunity Cost is the value of the next best alternative forgone.)  The textbook illustrates the concept by examining what a student "gives up" or sacrifices by going to a movie: studying for a Russian test, watching television, and so forth.  At the end of the chapter the following question is posited: Explain the following statement by a military recruiter:  "There's nothing like a good recession to cure our recruiting problems."  The statement can be explained in terms of decreased opportunity costs for labor during a recession.

 

The Economics of Public Issues material will be covered in the final exam.  It is suggested that you begin reading this text after the midterm exam.  Apply the same reading and analytical process described above.  Again, apply your understanding by answering the questions at the end of each chapter.

 

LESSONS:

 

LESSON 1 - The Economic Way of Thinking

 

Lesson one, which covers Heyne chapter one, involves such issues as social cooperation, rules of the game, the economic way of thinking, individual as the

decision maker, and choice.  What motivates individual choice?

 

Example:  When Mother Teresa accepted the Nobel Prize for Peace in October 1979 and decided to use the $190,000 award to construct a leprosarium, was she acting in her own interest? Was she behaving selfishly?

 

Lecture Lesson One:

 

As a part of Lesson 1’s material, please consider the following excerpt taken from A Road to Serfdom 1:

 

“Our freedom of choice in a competitive society rests on the fact that, if one person refuses to satisfy our wishes, we can turn to another.   But if we face a monopolist we are at his mercy.”

 

1The Road to Serfdom, Friedrich a. Hayek, the University of Chicago Press, 1944, page 93

 

Relate Hayek’s notion of the importance of choice to Heyne’s discussion of the “rules of the game” and economic behavior in chapter one.

 

Note: We, you and I, make decisions within an institutional framework * or “rules of the game.”  So do business firms, nonprofits, and the government.  So then all economic decisions are made within this institutional framework – both formal and informal, that sets limits, provides incentives and disincentives, creates and maintains enforcement, etc. 

* Constitutions, rules, regulations, laws, mores, conventions, ethics, values, religious factors, and so on help to craft our options and choices

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding (both concept and application) of the following:

 

 

Reading Assignment

 

Read chapter 1 (The Economic Way of Thinking) in the Heyne textbook.

(Hint: I suggest reading the chapter at least twice.  Outlining seems to help as well.)  Please note that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson One Practice Test and the midterm exam.  You will be held responsible for all material in the chapter.

 

Homework Assignment

 

Note: The homework problem sets, Questions for Discussion, are found at the back of each of the first fourteen chapters in the Heyne textbook.  (There is no Questions for Discussion section in chapter fifteen.)

 

        Chapter one Questions for Discussion: 3, 4, 5, and 11

 

Practice Test

 

Take and grade the Lesson One Practice Test.   Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Lesson 2 - Opportunity Cost and the Supply of Goods

 

Chapter Two introduces the concept of demand, substitutes, price elasticity, and receipts.  Note: It is important to recognize and understand the difference between demand and quantity demanded.  Many students have some difficulty in understanding the important distinction between these two concepts. 

 

The graph as a method of analysis is introduced.  In order to gain a competency in graphing the student must practice (and then practice some more).

 

Example:  John loves butter and thinks that margarine tastes like soap.  George can't tell the difference.  Whose demand for butter is likely to be more elastic? (Elasticity is a measure of responsiveness or sensitivity to price changes.)

 

Lecture Lesson Two:

 

As a part of Week Two’s material, please consider the notion that “scarcity implies competition.”  What are the implications of this concept?  What form might the competition take?  (We might ask the people of Kuwait about force as a means of competing for oil.)

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

 

Reading Assignment:

 

Read Chapter 2 (Substitutes Everywhere: The Concept of Demand) in the Heyne text. You will be held responsible for all material in the two chapters.  Remember that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson Two Practice Test and, eventually, the midterm exam. 

 

Homework Assignment

 

        Chapter Two Questions for Discussion: 3, 14, 17, and 25

 

Practice Test

 

Take and grade the Lesson Two Practice Test.  Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Lesson 3 - Opportunity Cost and the Supply of Goods

 

In lesson three the fundamental and critical notion of opportunity cost provides the basis for supply analysis.

 

Example: The acres of grass surrounding the Taj Mahal in Agra, India are often cut by young women who slice off handfuls with short kitchen blades.  Is this a low- or high-cost way to keep a lawn mowed?

 

Lecture Lesson Three:

 

Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative foregone.  It is the sacrifice one makes to have some good or service.  It is a very powerful analytical tool in our quest to understand human behavior.

 

Consider a simple question regarding employment: What must an employer pay an employee?  Her opportunity cost!  An individual with a high level of human capital (education, training and experience) will have a higher opportunity cost than someone with less training and experience.  This helps us understand the low wage rate for, say, childcare workers.

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

 

Reading Assignment:

 

Read Chapter 3 (Opportunity Cost and the Supply of Goods) in the Heyne text. You will be held responsible for all material in the chapter.  Remember that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson Three Practice Test and, eventually, the midterm exam. 

 

Homework Assignment

 

                 Chapter Three Questions for Discussion: 3, 12, 33, and 34

 

Practice Test

 

Take and grade the Lesson Three Practice Test.  Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Lesson 4 - Supply and Demand: A Process of Cooperation

 

The basic concepts of supply and demand are integrated in lesson four.  This chapter emphasizes the use of graphs to represent the market and market dynamics.  The concepts of equilibrium, shortage, and surplus are introduced.  Hint: Take special note of price ceilings and floors.

 

Example:  If the supply of turkeys in a particular November turned out to be unusually small, do you think a turkey shortage would result?  Why or Why not?  (The answer involves the role of prices!)

 

Lecture Lesson Four

 

Words are important!  A common understanding of the meaning or definition of the words that we use helps us to minimize ambiguity and facilitate communication and understanding.  Consider the thoughts of Cicero:

 

“The definition of terms must in fact form the basis of every scientific exposition if the scope of the argument is to be clearly understood.”1

 

Humpty Dumpty had some thoughts about words, as well:

 

“When I use a word,’ Humpty Dumpty said in a rather scornful tone, ‘it means just what I choose it to mean - neither more nor less.” 2

 

Given the importance of words, you will be expected to know and be able to apply a variety of economic terms and definitions.  If you do not understand a word in the textbook, look up the definition in a dictionary.

 

1 On Moral Duties, Marcus Tullius Cicero

2 Alice in Wonderland

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

 

 

Reading Assignment

 

Read Chapter 4 (Supply and Demand: A Process of Coordination) in the Heyne text. You will be held responsible for all material in the chapter. Remember that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson Four Practice Test and, eventually, the midterm exam. 

 

Homework Assignment

 

Chapter Four Questions for Discussion: 3, 6, 14, and 16

 

Practice Test

 

Take and grade the Lesson Four Practice Test.    Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Lesson 5 - Supply and Demand: Issues and Applications

 

Economic decisions are made "at the margin," that is, comparing the benefits of a given change with the cost of that change.  It is important that the student understands and be able to apply these concepts to real world situations.

 

Example:  What does it cost you to sleep through one of 30 lectures in a course for which you paid $300 in tuition?

 

 

Lecture Week Five

 

Markets bring suppliers and demanders together; they facilitate voluntary exchange.  Remember from the first chapter that “the economist’s alleged promarket bias is probably better seen as a preference for those institutions and ‘rules of the game’ that make exchange a positive-sum game, a process from which all participants derive benefit.” 

Markets and the resulting prices provide economic information to decision makers: consumers, businesses, and the government.

 

Any intervention in this market process may result in unanticipated results.  Keep this in mind as you read chapter five.

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

 

The student will apply the theory and tools of supply and demand (prices and markets) to a variety of economic issues and problems.

 

Reading Assignment

 

Read Chapter 5 (Supply and Demand: Issues and Applications) in the Heyne text. You will be held responsible for all material in the chapter. Remember that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson Five Practice Test and, eventually, the midterm exam. 

 

Homework Assignment

 

        Chapter Five Questions for Discussion: 2, 4, 5, and 11

 

Practice Test

 

Take and grade the week three Practice Test.  Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Lesson 6 - Efficiency, Exchange, and Comparative Advantage

 

This session provides the basis for exchange and trade. Specialization is predicated on exchange and specialization allows for more efficient production thereby increasing the "economic pie" and standard of living for society.

 

Example:  The dean knows that Professor Svelte is the most capable administrator in his department, far more capable than Professor Klunk.  Can you think of any reasons (related to efficiency rather than nepotism) for nonetheless appointing Klunk over Svelte as department chairman?

 

Lecture Lesson Six

 

There are many important concepts in this chapter.  I am particularly fond of the notion that “Trade Creates Wealth” by rearranging the pattern of goods and services into a more valuable pattern.  Trade allows us to specialize in those areas where we have some sort of advantage.  It is this fundamental truth that helps to explain why some countries are wealthy and some are not.

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

 

Reading Assignment

 

Read Chapter 6 (Efficiency, Exchange, and Comparative Advantage) in the Heyne text.

 

Homework Assignment

 

Chapter Six Questions for Discussion: 6, 8, 22, and 23

 

Practice Test

 

Take and grade the Lesson Six Practice Test. Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Lesson 7 - Information, Middlemen, and Speculators

 

Let us consider two truths:  (1) There are costs associated with acquiring information and (2) information is necessary to make decisions.  What information do middlemen and speculators provide?

 

Example:  Students frequently complain about the low prices the campus bookstore pays for used texts.  Why then do they sell to the bookstore?

 

Lecture Lesson Seven

 

“The promotion of individual freedom should be the prime objective of social arrangements.” 1.

 

1. Capitalism and Freedom, Milton Friedman

 

Relate Friedman’s objective of individual freedom to the role of information, middlemen and speculators in an economy.  What is a social arrangement?  Does this objective tend to conflict with other societal objectives?

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

 

Reading Assignment

 

Read Chapter 7 (Information, Middlemen, and Speculators) in the Heyne text. Please note that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson Seven Practice Test and the midterm exam is rapidly approaching.  You will be held responsible for all material in the chapter.

 

 

Homework Assignment

 

        Chapter Seven Questions for Discussion: 4, 22, 35, and 38

 

Practice Test

 

Take and grade the Lesson Seven Practice Test. Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Lesson Eight - Price Setting and the Question of Monopoly

 

Lecture Lesson Eight

 

Unions represent monopolies created by the government.  The government has bestowed unique powers of coercion to unions.  Consider Hayek’s perspective regarding these creatures of commerce:

 

“Unions have not achieved their present magnitude and power by merely achieving the right of association.  They have become what they are largely in consequence of the grant, by legislation and jurisdiction, of unique privileges which no other associations or individuals enjoy.  They are the one institution where government has signally failed in its first task, that of preventing coercion of men by other men- and by coercion I do not mean primarily coercion of employers but the coercion of workers by their fellow workers.  It is only because of the coercive powers unions have been allowed to exercise over those willing to work at terms not approved by the union, that the latter has become able to exercise harmful coercion of the employer.  All this has become possible because in the field of labour relations it has come to be accepted belief that the ends justify the means, and that, because of the public approval of the aims of union effort, they ought to be exempted from the ordinary rules of law.”

 

Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, F.A. Hayek, p. 281

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

 

Reading Assignment

 

Read chapter 8 (Price Setting and the Question of Monopoly) in the Heyne textbook.  Please note that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson Eight Practice Test.  You will be held responsible for all material in the chapter.

 

Homework Assignment

 

        Chapter Eight Questions for Discussion: 4, 8, 14, 18, and 19

 

 

Practice Test

 

Take and grade the Lesson Eight Practice Test.   Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Lesson Nine - Price Searching

 

The basic rule for maximizing net revenue (profits) is discussed in session nine.  Price searchers are looking for pricing structures that will enable them to sell all units for which the marginal revenue exceeds marginal costs.  Price discrimination is also included in this chapter.

 

Example: Why will sellers make offers like this one?  "Buy two giant pizzas at regular price and get a third one for only a dollar."

 

Lecture Lesson Nine

 

It might be useful at this point to consider the relationship between economics and ethics.  Consider the following quotation from “Significance of Economic Science,” by Lord Robbins:

 

“Economics is neutral as between ends. Economics cannot pronounce on the validity of ultimate judgments of value.”

 

Economic theory can help us understand and predict what is or what will be.  It cannot, however, tell us what ought to be nor what ought not to be.

 

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

·        Marginal revenue

·        Profit maximizing rule: operating where mc=mr

·        Price discrimination

·        Cost plus markup pricing

 

Reading Assignment

 

Read chapter 9 (Price Searching) in the Heyne textbook.  Please note that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson Nine Practice text and the midterm exam that follows this chapter, as well.

 

Homework Assignment

 

        Chapter Nine Questions for Discussion:  1, 4, 6, 12, and 32

 

Practice Test and Midterm Exam

 

Take and grade the Lesson Eight Practice Test.   Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Take the midterm exam.  Remember that an approved proctor must proctor this test.  Note: Exam issues are answered by the Distance Learning Office.

 

MIDTERM EXAM: LESSONS 1 - 9

 

Lesson 10 - Competition and Government Policy

 

A critical examination of the role of government and the market.  The ambivalence of government policies is discussed.

 

Example: The Seattle City Council stopped setting taxicab rates in May 1979.  Since that time there have been several efforts to compel the city to resume regulation.  Are you surprised to learn that these efforts are being financed and promoted by the owners of taxicabs?  Do you believe their statement: "We're doing it to keep people from being ripped off"?

 

 

Lecture Week Ten

 

Always a topical chapter!  A variety of issues and questions come into play as we explore the role of the government vis-à-vis a commercial society. 

What is the legitimate role of the government in a commercial society?

Reasonable people disagree.  Consider the classic liberal’s view of government:

 

“Liberalism (in the European nineteenth-century meaning of the word…) is concerned mainly with limiting the coercive powers of all government…”

 

Friedrich A. Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty

 

…that the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection.  That the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will is to prevent harm to others.  His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant. 

 

Chapter one, introductory, on liberty, John Stuart Mill

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

 

Reading Assignment

 

Read chapter 10 (Competition and Government Policy) in the Heyne textbook.

Please note that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson Ten Practice Test and, eventually, the final exam.  You will be held responsible for all material in the chapter.

 

Homework Assignment

 

        Chapter Ten Questions for Discussion: 6, 15, 16, and 20

 

 

Practice Test

 

Take and grade the Week Ten Practice Test.  Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Lesson 11 - Profit

 

What is profit?  What is the role of profit in a market economy?  How shall we treat "windfalls"?  Session eleven also examines discounting and present values.

 

The average price of farmland in the U.S. tripled during the

1970s.  How would you account for this?

 

Lecture Lesson Eleven:

 

Capital Theory provides us with the tools – both mathematical and conceptual - to consider time in our decision-making.  It typically involves discounting or compounding of lump sum amounts or annuities (series of amounts).

 

Many textbooks make reference to the notion of “normal profit” or “economic rent” as that return necessary to attract and maintain entrepreneurial participation in some economic activity.  This is a very helpful view of profit.  Some threshold level of return below which the entrepreneur will not be willing to continue to involve herself in some activity, at least in the long-run.

 

Consider the following quote by Milton Friedman regarding business firms, social responsibility, and profit:

 

”There is one and only one social responsibility of business - to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition, without deception or fraud.”

 

Construct an argument to refute Milton Friedman’s position.

 

Construct an argument in support of Friedman’s view of profit and social responsibility.

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

 

Reading Assignment

 

Read chapter 11 (Profit) in the Heyne textbook.  Please note that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson Eleven Practice Test and, eventually, the final exam.  You will be held responsible for all material in the chapter.

 

Homework Assignment

 

        Chapter eleven Questions for Discussion: 1, 5, 33, 37, and 39

 

Practice Test

 

Take and grade the Week Eleven Test. Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Lesson 12 - The Distribution of Income

 

In Chapter Twelve, Heyne discusses a variety of factors that create income: human capital, investment, and inheritance.  The role of labor unions is examined.

 

Example:  "Workers compete against other workers, and unions are in part attempts to control this competition.  The implication is that unions improve the position of the members they represent by finding ways to restrict competition from those who are not members of the union."

 

Lecture Week Twelve

 

Economic theory allows us to better understand the world around us.  Furthermore, it provides us with insight regarding possible solutions to a variety of problems:

 

Consider the follow quotations regarding the role of economics in our society:

 

“In my vacations, I visited the poorest quarters of several cities and walked through one street after another, looking at the faces of the poorest people.  Next I resolved to make as thorough a study as I could of Political Economy.”

                                                

        Alfred Marshall (1842 - 1924)

 

“It is the rule of law, in the sense of the rule of formal law, the absence of legal privileges of particular people designated by authority, which safeguards that equality before the law which is the opposite of arbitrary government.

 

A necessary, and only apparently paradoxical, result of this is that formal equality before the law is in conflict, and in fact incompatible, with any activity of the government deliberately aiming at material or substantive equality of different people, and that any policy aiming directly at a substantive ideal of distributive justice must lead to the destruction of the rule of law.  To produce the same result for different people, it is necessary to treat them differently….it cannot be denied that the rule of law produces economic inequality - all that can be claimed for it is that this inequality is not designed to affect particular people in a particular way…

 

…it may even be said that for the rule of law to be effective it is more important that there should be a rule applied always without exceptions than what this rule is.... It does not matter whether we all drive on the left- or on the right-hand side of the road so long as we all do the same.  The important thing is that the rule enables us to predict other people’s behavior correctly, and this requires that it should apply to all cases - even if in a particular instance we feel it to be unjust.”

 

Page 79, the road to serfdom, Friedrich a. Hayek, the university of Chicago press, 1944

“Women, in particular, may end up in lower-paying fields because they do everything in their power to avoid a chemistry or an economics course with mathematics or statistics prerequisites.  I’ve seen too many bright women to into sociology and too many dull men go into business, the only difference between them being that the men managed to scrape through a couple of college math courses.”

 

Innumeracy, John Allen Paulos, page 78

 

Relate the above quotes to the textbook material on the distribution of income. 

 

Consider and evaluate the statement:  poverty is a function of the choices which individuals make. 

 

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

 

Reading Assignment

 

Read chapter 12 (The Distribution of Income) in the Heyne textbook.

Please note that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson Twelve Practice Test and, eventually, the final exam.  You will be held responsible for all material in the chapter.

 

Homework Assignment

 

 

Chapter Twelve Questions for Discussion: 3, 6, 12, 16, 22, and 37

 

Practice Test

 

Take and grade the Week Twelve Practice Test. Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Lesson 13 - Externalities and Conflicting Rights

 

A variety of pollution situations are examined including airport noise, oil-fouled beaches and factory soot.  The textbook author asserts that pollution problems evolve out of disagreements regarding property rights.

 

Example:  Why do people disturb others by talking during movies?  Do the talkers and those whom they're disturbing agree about the rights one acquires by purchasing a movie ticket?

 

 

Lecture Lesson Thirteen

 

Noise pollution is near the top of my list of societal ills. Boom boxes, whispering at the theater, fireworks on the 5th of July all represent negative externalities that make life a little less pleasant.  Why?  Ill-defined and unenforced property rights!

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

 

Reading Assignment

 

Read Chapter 13 (Externalities and Conflicting Rights). You will be held responsible for all material in the two chapters.  Remember that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson Thirteen Practice Test and, eventually, the final exam. 

 

Homework Assignment

 

        Chapter Thirteen Questions for Discussion: 3, 11, 20, and 23

 

Practice Test

 

Take and grade Lesson Nine Practice Test. Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

Lesson 14 - Markets and Government and the Limitations of Economics

 

Why do governments exist?  The answer has to do with the "free-rider" problem.

 

Example:  Should the members of a volunteer fire department refuse to put out a fire in the home of someone who has refused to contribute to the firefighting service?

 

Lecture Lesson Fourteen

 

What is the proper function of government?  What is the role of government with respect to business firms?  Does the individual have the right to inter into voluntary contracts without interference?  What is the optimal level of safety?

 

Consider a very famous quote of John Stuart Mill

 

“…that the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection.  That the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will is to prevent harm to others.  His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant.” 

 

On Liberty, John Stuart Mill

 

 

Learning Objectives

 

The student must achieve a fundamental understanding of the following:

 

·        Positive externalities and government policies

 

Reading Assignment:

 

Read Chapters 14 (Markets and Government) and 15 (The Limitations of Economics) in the Heyne text. You will be held responsible for all material in the chapters.  Remember that you are reading in preparation for the Lesson 14 practice test and the final exam that follows this chapter, as well.

 

Homework Assignment

 

        Chapter Fourteen Questions for Discussion: 5, 7, 17, 25, and 33

       

Practice Test

 

Take and grade Week Fourteen Practice Test.   Review any questions that you missed on the test and determine the source of your difficulty.

 

FINAL EXAM: LESSONS 10 - 15 in the Heyne text and The Economics of Public Issues reader

 

 

 

Addendum i

 

Sample Final Exam Questions

 

  1. How could the incentives facing officials at the FDA be changed to reduce the incidence of Type ll errors? (Terrible Trade-off, The Economics of Public Issues reader)

 

  1. Who gains and who loses when there is more competition among public schools? (Education and Choice, The Economics of Public Issues reader)

 

  1. Use a graph to show the impact of a minimum wage
  2. law. (Heyne text)

 

  1. Multiple choice questions (Heyne text)

 

 

 

 

YOUR INSTRUCTOR

 

Jim Hubert earned his M.A. in the Department of Economics at the University of Washington in 1973.  He currently teaches Economics and Business Statistics at Seattle Central.  He has taught Money and Banking at the University of Puget Sound and Real Estate Appraising at Seattle University and Seattle Pacific University.  Hubert has nearly 17 years in banking including eight years as Vice President and Economist for the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle.

 

 

August 09