Timeline of Interpreting in the U.S.

Europe

1760:               Del’ Epee, Sicard and others probably interpreted for students and other members of the deaf community.

U.S.

1817:               Gallaudet interpreted for Laurent Clerc

1820’s             Family members, teachers of the deaf, clergy are first interpreters for the deaf

1881-               Family members, teachers, people who work with the deaf as

1960’s:            interpreters/helpers.

1960’s:            More deaf people ask for interpreting services

1964:               Ball State College- first workshop for interpreters-founded the NRPITD to recruit and train more interpreters-publish lists

1965:               Washington, D.C. workshop drew up constitution for RID. Began development of Code of Ethics and evaluation system for interpreters.

                        Interpreters=helpers model.

                        3^rd Interpreter workshop-Developed manual for Interpreters

1970’s

1972                RID incorporated as professional organization to represent interpreters and consumers. Redefined goals. Began offering evaluations for interpreter certification. Conduit/machine model.

                        Interpreter education and training grow through programs in colleges all over U.S.

1972-

1989                RID Certification: IC/TC, CSC, RSC.

1989-               RID Certification: CI/CT, LTAs: Local Test Administrators

2003                Specialist Certificates: Legal (SC:L), Performing Arts: (SC:PA); Masters Comprehensive Skills Certificate (MCSC)

Interpretive & Communication Models

2000-               NIC; CDI Certification; Revised RID Code of Ethics (2005)

2007                Bilingual-Bicultural Model; Interactive Model